{"id":156,"date":"2021-02-21T10:10:23","date_gmt":"2021-02-21T10:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/?page_id=156"},"modified":"2021-03-13T19:43:53","modified_gmt":"2021-03-13T18:43:53","slug":"fauna-noveho-zelandu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/fauna-noveho-zelandu\/","title":{"rendered":"Fauna Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu zde najde zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 zn\u00e1 z domova. Krom\u011b toho zde v\u0161ak \u017eije hodn\u011b takov\u00fdch, kter\u00e1 jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b spat\u0159it nelze, s v\u00fdjimkou n\u011bkolika zoologick\u00fdch zahrad. Jedn\u00e1 se hlavn\u011b o pt\u00e1ky, na kter\u00e9 je zem\u011b bohat\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku specifick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek se zde vyvinulo mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch druh\u016f. M\u011bli tu prav\u00fd r\u00e1j, dokud nep\u0159i\u0161el jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtel \u2013 \u010dlov\u011bk. Na zemi jim \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nehrozilo, proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed pozemn\u00ed savci tu p\u016fvodn\u011b ne\u017eili. Proto n\u011bkter\u00fdm v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdvoje k\u0159\u00eddla zakrn\u011bla a\u017e skoro zmizela. Kdy\u017e se na ostrovy n\u011bkdy v 9. stolet\u00ed dostali Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9, pt\u00e1ci se stali jejich hlavn\u00edm zdrojem proteinu. Odhaduje se, \u017ee Mao\u0159i vyhubili 34 endemick\u00fdch druh\u016f. Dnes jich zb\u00fdv\u00e1 30. Skupina p\u016fvodn\u00edch pt\u00e1k\u016f \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 80 druh\u016f. Ke zdecimov\u00e1n\u00ed nel\u00e9tav\u00e9ho ptactva zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli i savci zavle\u010den\u00ed sem v pr\u016fb\u011bhu kolonizace. Zejm\u00e9na va\u010dice a kunovit\u00e9 \u0161elmy nap\u00e1chaly a st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi vyhynul\u00fdmi pt\u00e1ky bylo i 22 druh\u016f moa. N\u00e1zory se r\u016fzn\u00ed, zda \u017eil naposledy v 15. nebo 17. stolet\u00ed. Jeho men\u0161\u00ed druhy mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159e\u017eili i d\u00e9le. Moa (Dinornithiformes) \u017eil pouze na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu a poch\u00e1zel z horn\u00edho mioc\u00e9nu. Pat\u0159il k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pt\u00e1k\u016fm na sv\u011bt\u011b. Podobal se p\u0161trosovi, ale byl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nem\u011bl k\u0159\u00eddla. Dosahoval a\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky \u010dlov\u011bka. Jeho obrovsk\u00e9 kostry lze dnes spat\u0159it v muze\u00edch. Sn\u00e1\u0161el velk\u00e1 vejce, kter\u00e1 Mao\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvali jako n\u00e1doby na vodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f je kivi (Apteryx). Stal se i neofici\u00e1ln\u00edm symbolem zem\u011b a p\u0159ezd\u00edvkou Novoz\u00e9lan\u010fan\u016f. Kivi je dnes v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fd. Spat\u0159it jej lze nejsn\u00e1ze v zoologick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch, kde maj\u00ed pro n\u011bho vybudovan\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zatemn\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbytky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kivi nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd krasavec. Je velk\u00fd asi jako slepice, m\u00e1 hn\u011bd\u00e9 jemn\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed, chyb\u00ed mu ocas i k\u0159\u00eddla. Dlouh\u00fd zob\u00e1k a mohutn\u00e9 nohy mu slou\u017e\u00ed k vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravy, jako jsou \u010dervi a lesn\u00ed bobuloviny. Jeho p\u0159irozen\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm je vlhk\u00fd de\u0161tn\u00fd les. P\u0159es den je schov\u00e1n v d\u00edr\u00e1ch pod vegetac\u00ed a na lov vych\u00e1z\u00ed a\u017e v noci. Proti \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm se br\u00e1n\u00ed nohama s dr\u00e1py. Dosp\u011bl\u00fd kivi jimi dovede zahnat i ko\u010dku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kivi je absolutn\u011b nel\u00e9tav\u00fd a byl takov\u00fd i v dob\u011b, kdy se na ostrovech nyn\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land objevil. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee musel p\u0159ij\u00edt po pevnin\u011b, co\u017e bylo mo\u017eno asi p\u0159ed 70 mili\u00f3ny lety. Celkem se v zemi vyskytuj\u00ed 3 druhy \u2013 hn\u011bd\u00fd kivi, velk\u00fd kropenat\u00fd kivi a mal\u00fd kropenat\u00fd kivi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kivi je vzorn\u00fdm man\u017eelem. Sami\u010dka snese jedno obrovsk\u00e9 vejce, dosahuje a\u017e t\u0159etinov\u00e9 velikost\u00ed j\u00ed sam\u00e9. To ji zna\u010dn\u011b vy\u010derp\u00e1 a mus\u00ed se j\u00edt nakrmit. Sezen\u00ed na vejci p\u0159enech\u00e1 partnerovi. Ten jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b opust\u00ed hn\u00edzdo, aby n\u011bco pojedl b\u011bhem 80 dn\u00ed inkubace. Sami\u010dka pom\u00e1h\u00e1 hn\u00edzdo hl\u00eddat. \u010cerstv\u011b vyl\u00edhnut\u00e9 ml\u00e1d\u011b je hned schopno instinktivn\u011b hledat v zemi potravu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mao\u0159i lovili kiviho nejen na pol\u00e9vku. Z jeho jemn\u00e9ho pe\u0159\u00ed zhotovovali pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Papou\u0161ek sov\u00ed (Stringops Habroptilus) \u2013 kakapo<\/strong> je asi nejzvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech druh\u016f papou\u0161k\u016f. Je to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nel\u00e9tav\u00fd no\u010dn\u00ed pt\u00e1k, plach\u00fd a tich\u00fd s v\u00fdjimkou doby p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. To same\u010dkov\u00e9 rozezvu\u010d\u00ed horsk\u00e1 \u00fadol\u00ed Fiordlandu na Ji\u017en\u00edm ostrov\u011b. Je a\u017e 60 centimetr\u016f dlouh\u00fd a m\u00e1 kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed. \u017div\u00ed se hlavn\u011b travinami a plody subalpinsk\u00fdch ke\u0159\u016f. Je velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd, po\u010det je odhadov\u00e1n na 50 exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Prob\u00edhaj\u00ed pokusy s jeho p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm na ostr\u016fvky, kde ne\u017eij\u00ed kunovit\u00e9 a jin\u00e9 \u0161elmy, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou prudk\u00e9ho poklesu jeho populace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sl\u00edpka takahe <\/strong>(Notornis) je jedn\u00edm z nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jejich po\u010det je odhadov\u00e1n na 200. P\u016fvodn\u011b se myslelo, \u017ee vyhynul, a\u017e v r. 1948 byl objeven v odlehl\u00e9m \u00fadol\u00ed ve Fiordlandu. V pta\u010d\u00ed rezervaci Mount Bruce se poda\u0159ilo odchovat v zajet\u00ed mlad\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Takahe pat\u0159\u00ed do rodu ch\u0159\u00e1stal\u016f. Je a\u017e 60 centimetr\u016f vysok\u00fd a m\u00e1 n\u00e1dhern\u011b z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 modr\u00e9 a\u017e olivov\u011b zelen\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed a jasn\u011b \u010derven\u00fd zob\u00e1k a nohy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pta\u010d\u00edch rezervac\u00edch lze spat\u0159it dal\u0161\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy jako parakeet a saddleback nebo papou\u0161ka nestora kaka. P\u0159i proch\u00e1zce v bu\u0161i uvid\u00edte nebo usly\u0161\u00edte pt\u00e1ky jako fantail, tui, bellbird, rifleman a novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e9ho holuba. Na louk\u00e1ch se objev\u00ed pt\u00e1k s modr\u00fdm pe\u0159\u00edm a \u010derven\u00fdm zob\u00e1kem a nohama, to je ch\u0159\u00e1stal weka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pouze v hor\u00e1ch na Ji\u017en\u00edm ostrov\u011b voln\u011b \u017eije horsk\u00fd papou\u0161ek kea.<\/strong> Ten ji\u017e nepat\u0159\u00ed k ohro\u017een\u00fdm druh\u016fm. Vypad\u00e1 jako dravec a lid\u00ed se neboj\u00ed a je i dost drz\u00fd. Vyskytuje se bl\u00edzko jejich obydl\u00ed a b\u011b\u017en\u011b je mo\u017eno se s n\u00edm setkat. Je asi 30 centimetr\u016f vysok\u00fd, m\u00e1 leskl\u00e9 zelenohn\u011bd\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed, zespodu na k\u0159\u00eddlech \u010derven\u00e9. Sv\u00fdm ostr\u00fdm zob\u00e1kem dovede nap\u00e1chat mnoho \u0161kody. Turist\u016fm se dostane do stanu i batohu, dovede otev\u0159\u00edt i konzervu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Image by Gerralt van Soest<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Albatros kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd<\/strong> (Diomeda ephomophora) pat\u0159\u00ed sv\u00fdm rozp\u011bt\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddel a\u017e 3,3 metry k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pt\u00e1k\u016fm na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jeho domovem jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b bou\u0159liv\u00e1, studen\u00e1 mo\u0159e. Jedin\u00fdm m\u00edstem na obydlen\u00e9 pevnin\u011b, kde m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b, je Taiaroa Head na poloostrov\u011b Otago na Ji\u017en\u00edm ostrov\u011b. Je zde vybudov\u00e1na ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 pozorovatelna. (v\u00edce o Albatrosech zde<\/a>) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed muzeum v Praze m\u00e1 p\u011bknou sb\u00edrku haitairy novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e9<\/strong> (tuatara) v lihu. \u017divou ji m\u016f\u017eete spat\u0159it v novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fdch zoologick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch. V p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 na t\u00e9to je\u0161t\u011brce naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 taky \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed fos\u00edlie je to, \u017ee jej\u00ed stejn\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edci \u017eili v dob\u00e1ch st\u0159edn\u00ed jury. Je tedy sou\u010dasn\u00edkem dinosaur\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu ne\u017eij\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed hadi a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jedovat\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Velmi vz\u00e1cnou v\u00fdjimkou je jeden druh jedovat\u00e9ho pavouka. Vyskytuje se v\u0161ak velmi \u0159\u00eddce a nen\u00ed t\u0159eba se ho ob\u00e1vat. Leknout se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eete a\u017e 6 centimetr\u016f dlouh\u00e9 wety, co\u017e je druh cvr\u010dka. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu hmyzu na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V okoln\u00edch mo\u0159\u00edch \u017eije mimo jin\u00e9 i n\u011bkolik druh\u016f velryb. Z m\u011bste\u010dka Kaikoura na Ji\u017en\u00edm ostrov\u011b se po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00fdpravy za jejich pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm.  Nej\u010dast\u011bji se tu objev\u00ed vorva\u0148. Na mnoha m\u00edstech na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed lze pozorovat kolonie lachtan\u016f. Kolonie tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f  \u017elutook\u00fdch je na poloostrov\u011b Otago.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu zde najde zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 zn\u00e1 z domova. Krom\u011b toho zde v\u0161ak \u017eije hodn\u011b takov\u00fdch, kter\u00e1 jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b spat\u0159it nelze, s v\u00fdjimkou n\u011bkolika zoologick\u00fdch zahrad. Jedn\u00e1 se hlavn\u011b o pt\u00e1ky, na kter\u00e9 je zem\u011b bohat\u00e1. V d\u016fsledku specifick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek se zde vyvinulo mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch druh\u016f. M\u011bli tu prav\u00fd r\u00e1j, dokud nep\u0159i\u0161el jejich … <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed „Fauna Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-156","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=156"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":569,"href":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156\/revisions\/569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.novyzeland.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}